Benzodiazepines are central nervous system (CNS) depressants commonly prescribed for the short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia.  Common street names for Benzodiazapines are Downers, Nerve Pills, and Tranks.  Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was the first benzodiazepine produced.  Diazepam (Valium) was the next to be developed and, until the early 1980’s, this was the most widely prescribed tranquillizer in the world. Today, newer benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax) and lorazepam (Ativan) account for most tranquillizer prescriptions. Benzodiazepines can be detected in urine drug screening from 10 days to 10 weeks depending on usage.

The widespread availability of benzodiazepines has made them common as drugs-of-abuse. Long-term users typically develop a tolerance to the drug, requiring larger doses to achieve the desired effects. A psychological and/or physical dependence can develop, making it difficult to discontinue use. Some drug abusers take benzodiazepines to bring them down after using stimulants such as ecstasy or cocaine. Others take them to enhance the effects of alcohol. They are also commonly used as replacement drugs when a user’s drug of first choice is not available.

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